Complement Activation and Cytokine Production and Their Relation to Cardiovascular Changes in Hemodialysis Patients

Authors

Mohamed Nabil Raafat, Professor of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed Alaa Eldin Ahmed Saad, Professor of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed Mohammed Farouk, Prof. of Clinical Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
Mohammad Sobhy Abdulhameed Abdulkhaliq, M.Sc Internal Medicine, Al Galaa Medical Military Complex, Cairo, EgyptFollow

Abstract

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a very consequential medical condition that has been identified as a significant concern in the field of public health, impacting a global population exceeding 2.6 million individuals. Despite notable advancements in hemodialysis treatments over the past few decades, individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continue to have a substantial burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and face a heightened risk of mortality. Aim of work: Our study aimed at assessment of complement activation and cytokine production and their relation to cardiovascular changes in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dialysis Units in Al Hussein University Hospital. Over a period of 6 months (from 1st May, 2021 to 31st November 2021), 25 ESRD patient were included in the study as regard the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The current study showed that there was a significant increase in right intima media thickness (IMT) mean at the end of the study. Left IMT had a significant correlation with interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the start of the study after one hour of HD. IL-6 also correlated significantly with right carotid plaque, left carotid significant stenosis and left carotid calcification at the end of the study after none hour of HD. Complement 3d (C3d) had a significant correlation with ejection fraction (EF%) at the start of the study after one hour of HD. Conclusion: The current study showed that there was a continuous increase in IL-6 and C3d levels in hemodialysis patients. This means that complement activation and cytokine production were significantly related to cardiovascular (CV) changes in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Article Type

Original Article

Keywords

Hemodialysis; IL-6; C3d; Cardiovascular Changes

Subject Area

Internal Medicine

How to Cite This Article

Raafat, Mohamed Nabil; Saad, Ahmed Alaa Eldin Ahmed; Farouk, Ahmed Mohammed; and Abdulkhaliq, Mohammad Sobhy Abdulhameed (2024) "Complement Activation and Cytokine Production and Their Relation to Cardiovascular Changes in Hemodialysis Patients," Al-Azhar International Medical Journal: Vol. 5: Iss. 2, Article 2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58675/2682-339X.2256