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Corresponding Author

Mohamed Gamal Mohamed Fouad Abdallah

Abstract

Background: Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most prevalent microvascular complication and primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim: To assess the serum beta-2 microglobulin level as a predictive indicator of DN.

Patients and methods: This controlled cross-sectional investigation was performed on 80 diabetic cases in the period from May 2023 to March 2024. The study was carried out at the internal medicine department in cooperation with the clinical pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Bab Al Shaeria University Hospital.

Results: The levels of Beta-2 microglobulin were significantly elevated in group two than in group one (6.9±1.8 vs 3.9±1.1, P <0.05). A strong positive relation was seen among serum β2m and serum creatinine, albumin-creatinine ratio, HOMA IR Albumin, HbA1c, Cholesterol, ALP, and LDL, while a negative association has been found with GFR. The p-value is less than 0.05. The optimal threshold value of β2 microglobulin for predicting diabetic nephropathy has been determined to be 4.43 µg/ml. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were the greatest at 92.1 percent and seventy-eight percent, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.806 [ninety-five percent confidence interval: 0.77-0.84, (p-value less than 0.001)].

Conclusion: Serum β2 microglobulin levels significantly increased in nephropathy cases, with a positive association with serum creatinine levels and Alb/Cr ratio. However, a negative association was found with e-GFR. Serum β2 microglobulin's specificity and sensitivity make it a reliable biomarker for predicting nephropathy.

Article Type

Original Article

Keywords

Serum Beta-2 microglobulin; Prognostic marker; Diabetic nephropathy

Subject Area

Internal Medicine

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