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Corresponding Author

Moaz Abd El-Mageed Abd El-Hakeem Sharshar

Document Type

Case Series

Abstract

Background: Using contemporary ultrasound equipment, it is possible to diagnose CNS defects in prenatal life. Many CNS defects can be detected by ultrasound in the first and early second trimesters. 4D ultrasonography has a high sensitivity for detecting prenatal CNS abnormalities and is used to detect and diagnose some foetal CNS disorders.

Objective: To validate the role of 4D ultrasonography in the prenatal assessment of CNS anatomical structure and early detection of CNS congenital abnormalities.

Methods: This diagnostic prospective study was carried at Radio-Diagnosis Department, Al-Azhar University. The study included 30 pregnant women which suspected to have CNS congenital anomalies during routine prenatal obstetric examination, then referred to do 4D detailed ultrasonography after an initial detailed diagnostic 2D ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis.

Results: Thirty instances of suspected congenital malformations were assessed by 2D U/S throughout the research period, and the incidence of congenital CNS abnormalities was 83.3 percent (25 cases) by 4D U/S. As regarding our study the majority of cases, congenital CNS abnormalities were isolated, but in 36.7 percent (11 cases), there was a connection with other congenital CNS malformations. The most common abnormality was anencephaly, which was followed by Holoprosencephaly; hydrocephalus; occipital encephalocele, and Dandy-Walker syndrome. As regards the other malformations, a lower absolute frequency was observed.

Conclusion: 2D ultrasound remains the gold standard in foetal anomaly assessment, and 4D ultrasonography is thus not a screening procedure, but rather an addition to 2D ultrasonography for foetuses with known or suspected abnormalities.

Keywords

CNS; Congenital Anomalies; 4D Ultrasound

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